Amazon VPC: Advanced design and what’s new (NET301)

Here is a detailed summary of the video transcription in markdown format with key takeaways broken into sections:

AWS Infrastructure and VPC Foundations

  • AWS has 34 regions, 41 local zones, 141 Direct Connect POPs, and 6 million miles of fiber, providing a massive global network backbone.
  • A region consists of multiple data centers grouped into availability zones, and an Amazon VPC spans all the availability zones within a region.
  • EC2 instances reside within subnets of a VPC, with connectivity to the public internet through an internet gateway or egress-only internet gateway.
  • VPCs can be connected to each other using VPC peering, Transit Gateway, or Cloud WAN.
  • Services outside the VPC, like S3, can be privately accessed using AWS PrivateLink.

IP Address Management (IPAM) and IPv6

  • AWS IPAM enables streamlined IP address management across multiple regions and accounts, including support for bring-your-own IP and IP address ranges.
  • New IPAM features include OU-level filtering, Amazon-provided IPv4 address blocks, and bring-your-own ASN.
  • AWS VPC now supports private IPv6 addressing, including Bring-Your-Own-IPv6, Unique Local Addresses (ULAs), and private Global Unicast Addresses (GUAs).

VPC Security Enhancements

  • Network Access Control Lists (NACLs) and Security Groups are the main security mechanisms within a VPC.
  • New features include:
    • Security Group VPC associations, allowing security groups to be used across multiple VPCs
    • Security Group sharing with participant accounts in a shared VPC
    • Block Public Access, a one-click control to turn off all public access to a VPC

VPC Connectivity

  • VPC peering provides point-to-point connectivity between VPCs, but is non-transitive.
  • AWS Transit Gateway provides a hub-and-spoke connectivity model, allowing thousands of VPCs to be connected.
  • Security Group referencing is now supported across Transit Gateway attachments.
  • Cloud WAN enables global network connectivity and segmentation, with support for various attachment types like VPCs, Direct Connect, and VPN.

Application Networking

  • AWS offers a range of application networking services, including Elastic Load Balancing, API Gateway, and AWS PrivateLink.
  • PrivateLink allows private access to AWS-managed services and custom services deployed within VPCs.
  • New features include UDP support, VPC resource exposure, and cross-region PrivateLink connectivity.
  • VPC Lattice simplifies and scales application connectivity, with features like service directories, service networks, and TLS listeners.

Zero Trust and Observability

  • AWS Verified Access (Ava) enables VPN-less access to VPC resources, including support for non-HTTPS applications.
  • Observability enhancements include:
    • eth tool for instance-level network resource monitoring
    • Infrastructure Performance for latency insights between Availability Zones
    • CloudWatch Internet Monitor and Network Monitor for hybrid network visibility
    • CloudWatch Flow Log Monitor for network flow data within and across VPCs

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