Deep dive into Amazon Aurora DSQL and its architecture (DAT427-NEW)

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Overview of Amazon Aurora DSQL

  • Amazon Aurora DSQL is a scalable, serverless, PostgreSQL-compatible relational SQL database optimized for transactional workloads.
  • Key features of Aurora DSQL:
    • Scalable up and down to handle a wide range of application sizes.
    • Serverless with no infrastructure management required.
    • Active-active and multi-region support for high availability and low latency.
    • PostgreSQL-compatible with the ability to use existing PostgreSQL tooling and code.

Transactional Architecture

Writes and Concurrency Control

  • Writes are first appended to a highly scalable and durable transaction log service.
  • The Adjudicator service is responsible for detecting conflicts between concurrent transactions and ensuring isolation.
  • The storage layer indexes the transaction log for efficient querying, but is not responsible for durability or concurrency control.

Reads and Scaling SQL Execution

  • Reads leverage multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) to provide consistent snapshots of the database without coordination between storage nodes.
  • The query processing layer is scaled out using secure Firecracker micro-VMs, allowing for parallelism and isolation between query executions.
  • Push-down capabilities allow the storage layer to efficiently execute certain operations, reducing round-trips to the query layer.

Cross-Region Scalability and Availability

  • Transactions are committed atomically across multiple regions using a distributed commit protocol.
  • Read-only transactions can commit locally without cross-region coordination.
  • The system is designed for fast failover in the event of a regional outage, with the majority region remaining available and consistent.

Design Principles and Correctness

  • The system is primarily implemented in Rust for performance and memory safety.
  • Extensive use of deterministic simulation testing, fuzzing, and formal methods to ensure correctness of the distributed protocols and implementation.
  • Runtime monitoring compares execution logs against formal specifications to close the gap between implementation and specification.

Conclusion

  • The preview of Aurora DSQL is available, and the team is eager to gather feedback from users to further refine the product.
  • The goal is to build a scalable, highly available, and correct transactional database system that can meet the needs of a wide range of applications.

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