AWS re:Invent 2025 - The Power of Cloud Network Innovation

Networking at the Core of AWS Innovation

Networking as the Heart and Soul of AWS

• AWS has been at the forefront of networking innovation for over 16 years
• Networking underpins the transformation from simple web apps to AI models and global streaming
• Networking infrastructure is critical for breakthroughs in medicine, research, and large language model development

Owning the Full Stack for Unparalleled Control

• AWS owns and operates the entire networking stack from fiber optic cables to internet edge
• This full stack control enables reliability and pushing the boundaries of what networks can do

Scaling Networks for the AI Era

The Network as the Backbone for AI

• AI models are growing exponentially, pushing the limits of traditional networks
• Distributed systems with over a million GPUs connected by low-latency, high-performance networking are required

Innovations in Physical Network Infrastructure

• Hollow-core fiber technology provides 30% latency improvements by enabling faster data transmission
• Careful topology design in Trinium 2 Ultra servers and EC2 Ultra Clusters ensures seamless performance at massive scale

Adaptive and Resilient Network Fabrics

• Ultra Switch aligns AI traffic to dedicated adaptive rails, providing optimal performance and resilience
• Cider enables rapid convergence and self-healing of the network fabric, ensuring uninterrupted training

Powering the World's Largest AI Compute Clusters

• AWS has deployed over 300,000 switches and 40 million ports dedicated to ML traffic
• Project Rainer, a collaboration with Anthropic, features nearly 1 million Trinium 2 chips for training large language models

Extending Network Innovations to VPC and Applications

VPC: The Programmable Networking Foundation

• VPC provides secure, isolated, and scalable networking for all AWS workloads
• Built on the AWS Nitro System for enhanced performance, security, and innovation

Connecting VPCs and Services with Intent-Driven Networking

• VPC Lattice eliminates the complexity of routing and peering configurations
• Cross-Region Private Link enables secure, private connectivity to AWS services across regions

Optimizing Application Performance and Connectivity

• Application Load Balancer Target Optimizer ensures optimal resource utilization for AI and HPC workloads
• API Gateway enhancements enable streaming responses, MCP proxy functionality, and unified API management

Securing the Network at Every Layer

Integrated Security Across the Stack

• Security is built into every layer of the network, from hardware isolation to logical network boundaries
• VPC Encryption Controls provide centralized visibility and enforcement of encryption compliance

Intelligent and Adaptive Network Security

• Network Firewall Proxy offers comprehensive proxy capabilities for egress traffic filtering and protection
• Transit Gateway and Network Firewall native attachment simplifies large-scale firewall deployments

Expanding the Global Reach of AWS Networking

The AWS Global Network Backbone

• AWS operates one of the world's largest cloud networks, spanning over 9 million kilometers of fiber
• New initiatives like FastNet provide diverse transatlantic connectivity and enhanced network resilience

Bringing the Cloud Closer to Customers

• Expansion of AWS Regions, Availability Zones, and Local Zones brings cloud services closer to end-users
• Cloudwan unifies VPCs and on-premises locations into a single, centrally managed global network

Enabling Seamless Multi-Cloud Connectivity

• AWS Interconnect Multi-Cloud allows for quick, secure, and reliable connections between AWS and other cloud providers
• Salesforce leverages this capability to integrate Salesforce Data 360 with customer data across Google Cloud and on-premises environments

Conclusion: Networking as the Foundation for Innovation

• AWS continues to push the boundaries of what's possible with networking, from physical infrastructure to software-defined abstractions
• The comprehensive networking capabilities enable customers to build innovative, scalable, and secure applications on the AWS Cloud